Students can use the following site to create study flash cards:
http://quizlet.com
Below are the terms as provided to students:
Reconstruction
Terms
FREEDMEN- Ex-slaves, men and women had been slaves
prior to 1865.
RECONSTRUCTION-
1865-1877 era that included rebuilding the South, readmitting southern states
back into the Union and including freedmen into American society.
WADE
DAVIS BILL- A plan to re-admit southern states back into the Union that called
for:
1. A majority of white male
voters to take a loyalty oath to the U.S.
2. Confederates could not vote
or hold office
Lincoln
refused to sign it.
FREEDMEN’S
BUREAU- A government agency that was set-up to help former slaves. It provided food, clothing, and education.
TEN
PERCENT PLAN- Lincoln’s plan for Reconstruction (1863). This plan was lenient toward the South. Once 10% of the voters of a state pledged
loyalty to the Union that sate could reenter.
His plan also offered amnesty (a pardon) to those Confederates who swore
loyalty to the Union.
CIVIL
WAR AMENDMENTS:
13th Amendment- (1863) Abolished slavery in the U.S.
14th Amendment- (1868)
Protected the rights of African-Americans
as CITIZENS in the U.S.
15th Amendment- (1870) Protected the
right of African-American men to
vote in the U.S.
RADICAL
REPUBLICANS- A group of Republicans who wanted to control Reconstruction and
wanted to punish the South.
BLACK
CODES- Laws that severely limited the rights of freedmen. (i.e. could not serve
on jury, own gun, vote or assemble)
RADICAL
RECONSTRUCTION- When Radicals took power of Reconstruction they dismissed
Johnson’s Plan (1867) It called for a writing of new state constitutions,
ratification of the 14th Amendment, AA’s must be able to vote and
the South was divided into 5 military districts controlled and monitored by US
generals.
SCALAWAGS-
White Southern Republicans.
CARPETBAGGERS-
Northerners who went to the South to participate in Reconstruction
governments. Some went for the rich land
where some went to simply help the freedmen.
KKK-
(Ku Klux Klan) A terrorist group formed during this period. The KKK used violence and intimidation to
keep African Americans and white Republicans out of office. They believed the South should remain a white
man’s world.
SHARECROPPERS-
Freedmen and poor whites who went and worked on plantations as they rented,
farmed and plotted land. Sharecroppers
remained poor as they barely made enough to survive. They had to pay back the plantation owner
most of their crop and profit.
POLL
TAX- Required voters to pay a fee to vote.
Attempt at keeping AA’s from voting.
LITERACY
TEST- Voters needed to read and answer questions on a passage before voting.
GRANDFATHER
CLAUSE- Said that if your father or grandfather did voted prior to 1867 then
you did not have to take a literacy test.
Ensured that white men could vote.
SEGREGATION-
Legal separation of the races.
JIM
CROW LAWS- Laws that separated the races in the South. (Laws separated restaurants, bathrooms,
streetcars, hospitals, schools etc..)
PLESSY V FERGUSON- (1896) Supreme Court ruled in a
decision that segregation was legal as it held up “SEPARATE BUT EQUAL” As long
as facilities were equal states could separate the races. This decision was held up until 1954.
